foreach
PHP 4 (not PHP 3) includes a foreach construct, much
like Perl and some other languages. This simply gives an easy way to
iterate over arrays. foreach works only on arrays, and
will issue an error when you try to use it on a variable with a different
data type or an uninitialized variable. There are two syntaxes; the
second is a minor but useful extension of the first:
foreach (array_expression as $value) statement foreach (array_expression as $key => $value) statement
The first form loops over the array given byarray_expression. On each loop, the value of the current element is assigned to $value and the internal array pointer is advanced by one (so on the next loop, you'll be looking at the next element).
The second form does the same thing, except that the current element's key will be assigned to the variable$key on each loop.
Note: When foreach first starts executing, the internal array pointer is automatically reset to the first element of the array. This means that you do not need to call reset() before a foreach loop.
Note: Also note that foreach operates on a copy of the specified array and not the array itself. Therefore, the array pointer is not modified as with the each() construct, and changes to the array element returned are not reflected in the original array. However, the internal pointer of the original array is advanced with the processing of the array. Assuming the foreach loop runs to completion, the array's internal pointer will be at the end of the array.
Note: foreach does not support the ability to suppress error messages using '@'.
You may have noticed that the following are functionally
identical:
<?php
$arr = array("one", "two", "three");
reset ($arr);
while (list(, $value) = each ($arr)) {
echo "Value: $value<br />\n";
}
foreach ($arr as $value) {
echo "Value: $value<br />\n";
}
?>
<?php
$arr = array("one", "two", "three");
reset($arr);
while (list($key, $value) = each ($arr)) {
echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br />\n";
}
foreach ($arr as $key => $value) {
echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br />\n";
}
?>
Some more examples to demonstrate usages:
<?php
/* foreach example 1: value only */
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 17);
foreach ($a as $v) {
echo "Current value of \$a: $v.\n";
}
/* foreach example 2: value (with key printed for illustration) */
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 17);
$i = 0; /* for illustrative purposes only */
foreach ($a as $v) {
echo "\$a[$i] => $v.\n";
$i++;
}
/* foreach example 3: key and value */
$a = array(
"one" => 1,
"two" => 2,
"three" => 3,
"seventeen" => 17
);
foreach ($a as $k => $v) {
echo "\$a[$k] => $v.\n";
}
/* foreach example 4: multi-dimensional arrays */
$a[0][0] = "a";
$a[0][1] = "b";
$a[1][0] = "y";
$a[1][1] = "z";
foreach ($a as $v1) {
foreach ($v1 as $v2) {
echo "$v2\n";
}
}
/* foreach example 5: dynamic arrays */
foreach (array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) as $v) {
echo "$v\n";
}
?>
